Below figure shows a simple Telescopic Shock absorber. There is a fluid in space above valve assembly (A), below (A) & also in annular space between cylinder (C) & tube (D), which is connected to the space below valve assembly (B). (H) is gland in head (J) & any fluid scrapped off by rod (G) is brought down into annular space through inclined
passage shown in head. Eye (E) is connected to axle, while eye (F) is attached to chassis frame. Fluid generally used in shock absorbers is a mixture of 60 per cent Transformer oil & 40 per cent Turbine oil.
Figure: Telescopic Shock Absorber
When car has come across a bump,
[1] Eye (E) would move up & thereby the fluid will pass from lower side of valve assembly (A) to its upper side.
[2] Due to pressure of fluid through rod (G) fluid will be go to underside of valve (B).
[3] This passing of fluid through valve openings provides damping.
[4] Similarly for downward motion of eye (E), fluid will pass upper side of valve assembly (A) to lower side & also from lower side of valve assembly (B) to its upper side.
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