Active matrix LCD:
1. A transistor and a storage capacitor are integrated at each cross point of electrodes.
2. To address a particular pixel, proper row is switched on and charge is sent down the correct column.
3. Only the capacitor at the designated pixel receives the charge.
4. Capacitor holds the charge until the next refresh cycle.
Passive matrix LCD
1. Uses a simple grid to supply the charge to a particular pixel on the display. The liquid crystal material is sandwiched between the two glass substrates and a polarizing film is added to the outer side of each substrate.
2. To turn on a pixel, the integrated circuit sends a charge down the correct column of one substrate and a ground activated on the correct row of the other.
3. The row and column intersect at the designated pixel, and that delivers the voltage to untwist the liquid crystals at that pixel.
4. To address a pixel the column containing the pixel is sent a charge, the corresponding row is connected to ground.
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